Progress Report: Results of the Special Rapporteur In-Country Investigative Visit To Cambodia, December 4-9, 2023

As we indicated in our two previous Urgent Alerts, we are giving special attention to the in-country investigative visit of UN Special Rapporteur Vitit Muntarbhorn to Cambodia because we believe this UN initiative, along with the upcoming Universal Periodic Review of Cambodia in May of 2024, are the two most important and promising opportunities for effective advocacy by the Khmer Community. They provide the two best available international forums and platforms for the Khmer Community to โ€œspeak truth to power,โ€ and to gain international support for meaningful and effective change in Cambodiaโ€™s human rights policies.

Now that Professor Muntarbhornโ€™s visit to Cambodia is completed, we owe you a more complete analysis of its results. Did it accomplish what we had hoped? Did it help to produce meaningful change? Did it provide, as much as we had hoped, an effective mechanism for the Khmer Community to voice its concerns and gain support on the international stage?

We are happy to report that the short answer to all those questions is, provisionally, and with a few important qualifications, โ€œYes,โ€ the Special Rapporteurโ€™s trip more than met our expectations, though on the negative side, the Hun Manet governmentโ€™s responses gave strong signs of following the same highly repressive policies as his father, Hun Sen.

As we reported while the visit still was taking place, one major indicator of success was that the Special Rapporteur, pursuant to the number one recommendation we made to him before his trip started, adopted our recommendation, and made the long-standing but largely ignored issue of government-sponsored land grabs, the very first focus for his attention. He met with a number of recent land grab victims and illegally displaced land owners in Lor Peang and Koh Kong regions on the very first day of his investigative trip, even before meeting with any government officials.  The clear signal he gave was that civil society issues and victims of major human rights abuses in Cambodia would receive his priority attention, and that the land grab issue in particular would finally be getting the international attention it so richly deserves.  You will remember that it was back in 2016 and 2017 when the international monitoring group Global Witness first brought attention to the severity of the land grab problem in Cambodia in its reports, โ€œHostile Takeover,โ€ and โ€œDefenders of the Earth,โ€ highlighting the fact that Cambodia was โ€œexperiencing a land grabbing crisis โ€ฆ [and] has seen 70% of the countryโ€™s arable landโ€ taken over by government supported developersโ€, with an estimate of more than 200,000 individuals and families who have been victims of illegal evictions.

A second indicator of major success/progress, was that the Special Rapporteur decided to add a second segment of his investigative trip that is scheduled to take place in February or March. That is significant because it will provide a second, additional opportunity to give high-level international attention to Cambodiaโ€™s human rights shortcomings, just prior to the more complete human rights review of these issues that the United Nations will be conducting in May as part of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) process for Cambodia. This gives the Khmer Community a โ€œsecond shot at the appleโ€ in the context of this additional in-country investigative visit.

A third indicator of progress is that, consistent with the Special Rapporteurโ€™s decision to give primary attention to the land grab problem, the United Nations has issued what they call an official โ€œCall for Inputsโ€ seeking information and suggestions from civil society groups and advocates on the treatment off the land grab issue more generally. This gives us another opportunity to describe and document the severity of the land grab problems in Cambodia.  We have already started to assemble the Khmer Communityโ€™s responsive submission to the UNโ€™s land grab โ€œCall for Inputs.โ€  We plan to make that submission in early March. It will include a comprehensive review of past land grab situations, as well as a detailed description of the current sites where illegal displacements now are taking place, with an estimate of the numbers of people affected by these illegal practices.

Finally, it is important to note that during the Special Rapporteurโ€™s five-day investigative visit, several โ€œincidentsโ€ took place demonstrating the types of issues and problems he and the international community need to address. Most notable among them was a peaceful demonstration that took place on Human Rights Day (December 10) to observe the adoption of international human rights standards and to protest the governmentโ€™s failure to observe them.  The government of Cambodia, despite the claims of progress it had been making to the Special Rapporteur, cracked down on the peaceful marchers and ended their Human Rights Day observance, blocking their access to Freedom Park.

Also during the Special Rapporteurโ€™s visit, the government took similar repressive action against the wife, daughter and two supporters of long-time political detainee Kang Saran, arresting them when they tried to visit the Banteay Meanchey regional office of LICAHDO (Cambodiaโ€™s largest human rights group) to obtain information about Kangโ€™s case, which is being handled by LICAHDOโ€™s legal team. 

These harshly repressive moves, taken despite the Special Rapporteurโ€™s in-country presence, and during the very special period of Human Rights Day observance, provided just the latest indicators that the government still is doubling down on its human rights violations instead of following the remedial action path that the UN has been recommending, continuing Hun Senโ€™s approach of harshly suppressing dissent, criticism, and opposition political activity in order to maintain political power and autocratic control.

It remains to be seen, in the upcoming months in the lead-up to the Special Rapporteurโ€™s second segment of his in-country investigative visit in February/March, and in the context of the United Nationsโ€™ comprehensive Universal Periodic human rights review session in March, whether our and the United Nationsโ€™ efforts will produce any meaningful changes and improvements in the Hun Sen/Hun Manet governmentโ€™s treatment of these human rights issues.  We will continue to update you on developments. In the meantime, we urge you to continue your active monitoring and participation in the UN activities and the Khmer Communityโ€™s advocacy efforts by:

  1. Following the progress of the United Nationsโ€™ proceedings and actions;

  2. Making your views and concerns known to us and to UN officials; and,

  3. Organizing and carrying out your own monitoring and reporting efforts.  

The second segment of the Special Rapporteurโ€™s in-country investigative visit, and the UNโ€™s Cambodia UPR review in May, represent the most critical upcoming opportunities for effective advocacy work by the Khmer Community! They urgently require your active attention, action and support!!!

 

แžšแž”แžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแžแŸ’แž˜แžธแŸ—แŸ– แž›แž‘แŸ’แž’แž•แž›แž“แŸƒแžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แžŸแŸŠแžพแž”แžขแž„แŸ’แž€แŸแžแž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž”แŸ’แžšแž‘แŸแžŸแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸ แž‘แŸ…แž€แžถแž“แŸ‹แž”แŸ’แžšแž‘แŸแžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถ แžแŸ’แž„แŸƒแž‘แžธ แŸ แŸคโ€‹  แžŠแž›แŸ‹โ€‹ แŸ แŸฉ แžแŸ‚ แž’แŸ’แž“แžผ แž†แŸ’แž“แžถแŸ† แŸขแŸ แŸขแŸฃแŸ” 

แž“แŸแŸ‡แž‡แžถแž€แžถแžšแž‡แžผแž“แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžนแž„แž”แž“แŸ’แž‘แžถแž“แŸ‹แŸ” แž“แŸแŸ‡แž˜แžทแž“แžแŸ’แžšแžผแžœแž€แžถแžšแž…แŸ†แžŽแžถแžแŸ‹แž€แžถแžšแžŽแžถแž˜แžฝแž™แž“แŸ„แŸ‡แž‘แŸแŸ”

แžŠแžผแž…แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž™แžพแž„แž”แžถแž“แž”แž„แŸ’แž แžถแž‰แž“แŸ…แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž€แžถแžšแž‡แžผแž“แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžนแž„แž‡แžถแž”แž“แŸ’แž‘แžถแž“แŸ‹แž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž–แžธแžšแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž™แžพแž„แž€แžถแž›แž–แžธโ€‹แž›แžพแž€แž˜แžปแž“ แž™แžพแž„แž€แŸ†แž–แžปแž„แž•แŸ’แžแž›แŸ‹แž€แžถแžšแž™แž€แž…แžทแžแŸ’แžแž‘แžปแž€แžŠแžถแž€แŸ‹แž‡แžถแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸ แž…แŸ†แž–แŸ„แŸ‡แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แžŸแŸŠแžพแž”แžขแž„แŸ’แž€แŸแžแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹โ€‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸโ€‹ แž›แŸ„แž€ แžœแžธแž‘แžทแž แž˜แžปแž“แžแžถแž—แžถแž“แŸ‹โ€‹ แžŠแŸ„แž™แžŸแžถแžšแž™แžพแž„แž‡แžฟแž‡แžถแž€แŸ‹แžแžถ แž‚แŸ†แž“แžทแžแž•แŸ’แžแžฝแž…แž•แŸ’แžแžพแž˜แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžท แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž€แžถแžšแžแŸ’แžšแžฝแžแž–แžทแž“แžทแžแŸ’แž™แž‡แžถแžŸแž€แž›แžแžถแž˜แž€แžถแž›แž€แŸ†แžŽแžแŸ‹แžขแŸ†แž–แžธแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถโ€‹แžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸโ€‹แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถ แž“แžถแž–แŸแž›แžแžถแž„แž˜แžปแž แž“แŸ…แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžแŸ‚แžงแžŸแž—แžถ แž†แŸ’แž“แžถแŸ† แŸขแŸ แŸขแŸค แž‡แžถแžฑแž€แžถแžŸแžŠแŸแžŸแŸ†แžแžถแž“แŸ‹ แž“แžทแž„แž‡แŸ„แž‚แž‡แŸแž™แž”แŸ†แž•แžปแžแžŸแž˜แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แŸ‹แž€แžถแžšแžแžŸแŸŠแžผแž˜แžแžท แž”แŸ’แžšแž€แž”แžŠแŸ„แž™แž”แŸ’แžšแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แž—แžถแž– แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹โ€‹แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšแŸ”

แžœแŸแž‘แžทแž€แžถแž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž–แžธแžšแž“แŸแŸ‡ แž‡แžถแžœแŸแž‘แžทแž€แžถแžขแž“แŸ’แžแžšแž‡แžถแžแžทแž›แŸ’แžขแž”แŸ†แž•แžปแž แžŸแž˜แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แŸ‹แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšแžŠแŸ‚แž› โ€œแž แŸŠแžถแž“แž“แžทแž™แžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแž–แžทแžแž–แžธแž€แžถแžšแžŠแžนแž€แž“แžถแŸ†แž˜แžทแž“แžแŸ’แžšแžนแž˜แžแŸ’แžšแžผแžœโ€ แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžšแž”แž”แž€แŸ’แžšแžปแž„แž—แŸ’แž“แŸ†แž–แŸแž‰ แž“แžทแž„แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธแž‘แž‘แžฝแž›แž”แžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแž‚แžถแŸ†แž‘แŸ’แžš แž–แžธแžขแž“แŸ’แžแžšแž‡แžถแžแžทแžŸแž˜แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แŸ‹แž€แžถแžšแž•แŸ’แž›แžถแžŸแŸ‹แž”แŸ’แžแžผแžšแž‡แžถแžœแžทแž‡แŸ’แž‡โ€‹แž˜แžถแž“ แž“แžทแž„แž˜แžถแž“แž”แŸ’แžšแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แž—แžถแž– แž“แŸ…แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž‚แŸ„แž›แž“แž™แŸ„แž”แžถแž™แž‚แŸ„แžšแž–แžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แŸ…แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแŸ” แžฅแžกแžผแžœแž“แŸแŸ‡ แž–แŸแž›แžŠแŸ‚แž›แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžŸแžถแžŸแŸ’แžšแŸ’แžแžถแž…แžถแžšแŸ’แž™ แžœแžธแž‘แžทแž แž˜แžปแž“แžแžถแž—แžถแž“แŸ‹โ€‹ แž‘แŸ…โ€‹แž€แžถแž“แŸ‹แž”แŸ’แžšแž‘แŸแžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแžแŸ’แžšแžผแžœแž”แžถแž“แž”แž‰แŸ’แž…แž”แŸ‹ แž™แžพแž„แž“แžนแž„แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแž€แžถแžšแžœแžทแž—แžถแž‚แž–แŸแž‰แž›แŸแž‰แž”แž“แŸ’แžแŸ‚แž˜แž‘แŸ€แž แžขแŸ†แž–แžธแž›แž‘แŸ’แž’แž•แž›แž“แŸƒแž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แž“แŸแŸ‡แŸ”

>>> แžแžพโ€‹แžœแžถโ€‹แžŸแž˜แŸ’แžšแŸแž…โ€‹แž“แžผแžœโ€‹แžขแŸ’แžœแžธโ€‹แžŠแŸ‚แž›โ€‹แž™แžพแž„โ€‹แž”แžถแž“โ€‹แžŸแž„แŸ’แžƒแžนแž˜โ€‹แžฌแž‘แŸ?
>>> แžแžพแžœแžถแž”แžถแž“แž‡แžฝแž™แž”แž„แŸ’แž€แžพแžแž€แžถแžšแž•แŸ’แž›แžถแžŸแŸ‹แž”แŸ’แžแžผแžšแž‡แžถแžœแžทแž‡แŸ’แž‡แž˜แžถแž“แžŠแŸแž˜แžถแž“แžขแžแŸ’แžแž“แŸแž™แžฌแž‘แŸ?
>>> แžแžพแžœแžถแž”แžถแž“แž•แŸ’แžแž›แŸ‹แž“แžผแžœแž™แž“แŸ’แžแž€แžถแžšแžŠแŸแž˜แžถแž“แž”แŸ’แžšแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แž—แžถแž–แž˜แžฝแž™ แžŸแž˜แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แŸ‹แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšแž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž€แžถแžšแž”แž„แŸ’แž แžถแž‰แž–แžธแž€แž„แŸ’แžœแž›แŸ‹ แž“แžทแž„แž‘แž‘แžฝแž›แž”แžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแž‚แžถแŸ†แž‘แŸ’แžš แž“แŸ…แž›แžพแž†แžถแž€แžขแž“แŸ’แžแžšแž‡แžถแžแžท แžŠแžผแž…แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž™แžพแž„แž”แžถแž“แžšแŸ†แž–แžนแž„แž‘แžปแž€แžŠแŸ‚แžšแžฌแž‘แŸ? 

แž™แžพแž„แž˜แžถแž“แžŸแŸ„แž˜แž“แžŸแŸ’แžŸ แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž€แžถแžšแž†แŸ’แž›แžพแž™แž™แŸ‰แžถแž„แžแŸ’แž›แžธแž‘แžปแž€แž‡แžถแž˜แžปแž“แžแŸ’แž›แŸ‡ แž…แŸ†แž–แŸ„แŸ‡แžŸแŸ†แžŽแžฝแžšแž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แžขแžŸแŸ‹แž“แŸ„แŸ‡ แžŠแŸ„แž™แžŸแžผแž˜แž‡แž˜แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แžแžถ โ€œแž”แŸ’แžšแžถแž€แžŠแžŽแžถแžŸแŸ‹โ€ แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸ แž–แžทแžแž‡แžถโ€‹แž‘แž‘แžฝแž›แž”แžถแž“แž›แž‘แŸ’แž’แž•แž›แž›แžพแžŸ แž–แžธแž€แžถแžšแžšแŸ†แž–แžนแž„แž‘แžปแž€แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž™แžพแž„ แž‘แŸ„แŸ‡แž”แžธแž‡แžถแž“แŸ…แž˜แžถแž“แž•แŸ’แž“แŸ‚แž€แžขแžœแžทแž‡แŸ’แž‡แž˜แžถแž“แžแŸ’แž›แŸ‡แž€แŸแžŠแŸ„แž™แŸ” แž…แŸ†แžŽแžปแž…แžขแžœแžทแž‡แŸ’แž‡แž˜แžถแž“แž“แŸ„แŸ‡ แž‚แžบแž‚แŸ’แž˜แžถแž“แžขแŸ’แžœแžธแž€แŸ’แžšแŸ…แž–แžธแž†แŸ’แž›แžพแž™แžแž”แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แž›แŸ„แž€ แž แŸŠแžปแž“ แž˜แŸ‰แžถแžŽแŸ‚แž  แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž‡แžถแžŸแž‰แŸ’แž‰แžถแž™แŸ‰แžถแž„แž…แŸ’แž”แžถแžŸแŸ‹แž“แŸƒแž€แžถแžšแž”แŸ’แžšแžพแž‚แŸ„แž›แž“แž™แŸ„แž”แžถแž™แž‚แžถแž”แžŸแž„แŸ’แž€แžแŸ‹แžแŸ’แž›แžถแŸ†แž„แžŠแžผแž…แžชแž–แžปแž€แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž‚แžถแžแŸ‹แžŠแŸ‚แžšแŸ” 

แžŠแžผแž…แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž™แžพแž„แž”แžถแž“แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸ แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžขแŸ†แžกแžปแž„แž–แŸแž›แž“แŸƒโ€‹แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž… แž€แŸ†แž–แžปแž„แž”แŸ’แžšแž–แŸ’แžšแžทแžแŸ’แžแž‘แŸ…แž“แŸ„แŸ‡ แž‚แžบแžŸแž‰แŸ’แž‰แžถแžŽโ€‹แžŠแŸแžŸแŸ†แžแžถแž“แŸ‹แž˜แžฝแž™แž“แŸƒแž—แžถแž–แž‡แŸ„แž‚แž‡แŸแž™ แž‚แžบแžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸ แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแžแžถแž˜โ€‹แžขแž“แžปแžŸแžถแžŸแž“แŸแž‘แžธแž˜แžฝแž™ แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž™แžพแž„แž”แžถแž“แž•แŸ’แžแž›แŸ‹แž‡แžผแž“โ€‹แž›แŸ„แž€ แž˜แžปแž“แž€แžถแžšแžšแŸ€แž”แž…แŸ†แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž›แŸ„แž€แŸ” แžขแž“แžปแžŸแžถแžŸแž“แŸแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž™แžพแž„แž“แŸ„แŸ‡ แž‚แžบโ€‹แž‘แžถแž€แŸ‹แž‘แž„แž“แžนแž„แž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžŠแŸ‚แž›แž€แžพแžแž˜แžถแž“แžแžถแŸ†แž„แž–แžธแž™แžผแžšแž›แž„แŸ‹แž˜แž€แž แžพแž™ แž”แŸ‰แžปแž“แŸ’แžแŸ‚แžแŸ’แžšแžผแžœแžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแž”แŸ†แž—แŸ’แž›แŸแž…แž…แŸ„แž›แž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แžŸแŸ’แžšแžปแž„แŸ”โ€‹ แž“แŸ„แŸ‡แž‚แžบแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถโ€‹แžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—โ€‹โ€‹แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธแž–แžธแž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž–แž›แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹โ€‹แŸ” แž…แŸ†แžŽแžปแž…แžŠแŸ‚แž›แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแž”แŸ†แž—แŸ’แž›แŸแž…แž…แŸ„แž›แž“แŸแŸ‡ แž”แŸ‚แžšแž‘แŸ…แž‡แžถโ€‹โ€‹แž…แŸ†แžŽแžปแž…โ€‹แžŠแŸ†แž”แžผแž„โ€‹แžŸแŸ†แžแžถแž“แŸ‹แž”แŸ†แž•แžปแž แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž…แŸ†แžŽแžถแž”แŸ‹โ€‹โ€‹แžขแžถแžšแž˜แŸ’แž˜แžŽแŸแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž›แŸ„แž€ แžœแžธแž‘แžทแž แž˜แžปแž“แžแžถแž—แžถแž“แŸ‹โ€‹โ€‹แŸ” แž–แŸแž›แž…แžปแŸ‡แž‘แŸ…แžŸแŸ’แžšแžปแž€แžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžš แž›แŸ„แž€โ€‹แž”แžถแž“โ€‹แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž‘แŸ…แž‡แžฝแž”โ€‹โ€‹แž‡แž“โ€‹แžšแž„โ€‹แž‚แŸ’แžšแŸ„แŸ‡โ€‹โ€‹แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธโ€‹แžแŸ’แž˜แžธแŸ—โ€‹แž˜แžฝแž™โ€‹แž…แŸ†แž“แžฝแž“ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž‡แžฝแž”แž˜แŸ’แž…แžถแžŸแŸ‹โ€‹แžŠแžธโ€‹แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž‚แŸแž”แž„แŸ’แžแŸ†โ€‹แžŠแŸ„แž™โ€‹แžแžปแžŸโ€‹แž…แŸ’แž”แžถแž”แŸ‹แžฒแŸ’แž™โ€‹แž•แŸ’แž›แžถแžŸแŸ‹โ€‹แž‘แžธแž›แŸ†แž“แŸ… โ€‹แž“แŸ…โ€‹แžแŸ†แž”แž“แŸ‹โ€‹แžกแž–แžถแž„ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แžแŸแžแŸ’แžโ€‹แž€แŸ„แŸ‡แž€แžปแž„ แž‚แžบโ€‹แž“แŸ…โ€‹แžแŸ’แž„แŸƒโ€‹แž‘แžธแŸกแž“แŸƒโ€‹แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšโ€‹แžŸแŸŠแžพแž”โ€‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž€แŸแžโ€‹แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹โ€‹แž›แŸ„แž€ โ€‹แž˜แžปแž“โ€‹แž–แŸแž›โ€‹แž‡แžฝแž”โ€‹แž‡แžถแž˜แžฝแž™โ€‹แž˜แž“แŸ’แžแŸ’แžšแžธโ€‹แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›โ€‹แž‘แŸ…แž‘แŸ€แžแŸ” แž›แŸ„แž€ แžœแžธแž‘แžทแž แž˜แžปแž“แžแžถแž—แžถแž“แŸ‹โ€‹ แž”แžถแž“แž•แŸ’แžแž›แŸ‹แžŸแž‰แŸ’แž‰แžถแž…แŸ’แž”แžถแžŸแŸ‹แž›แžถแžŸแŸ‹ แž–แžธแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžŸแž„แŸ’แž‚แž˜แžŸแŸŠแžธแžœแžทแž› แž“แžทแž„แž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚แŸ’แžšแŸ„แŸ‡แžŠแŸ„แž™แž€แžถแžšแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž’แŸ’แž„แž“แŸ‹แž’แŸ’แž„แžšแž“แŸ…แž”แŸ’แžšแž‘แŸแžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถ แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž‚แžถแžแŸ‹แž™แž€แž…แžทแžแŸ’แžแž‘แžปแž€แžŠแžถแž€แŸ‹แž‡แžถแžขแžถแž‘แžทแž—แžถแž–  แž แžพแž™แž‡แžถแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸแž‚แžบแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธ แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž‚แžฝแžšแžแŸ‚แž‘แž‘แžฝแž›แž”แžถแž“แž”แžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแž…แžถแž”แŸ‹แžขแžถแžšแž˜แŸ’แž˜แžŽแŸแž™แŸ‰แžถแž„แžแŸ’แž›แžถแŸ†แž„แž€แŸ’แž›แžถ แž–แžธแžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžขแž“แŸ’แžแžšแž‡แžถแžแžท แŸ” แž™แžพแž„แž“แŸ…แž…แžถแŸ†แž”แžถแž“แžแžถ แž€แžถแž›แž–แžธแž†แŸ’แž“แžถแŸ† แŸขแŸ แŸกแŸฆ แž“แžทแž„ แŸขแŸ แŸกแŸง แž“แŸ…แž–แŸแž›แžŠแŸ‚แž›แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšโ€‹แžขแž“แŸ’แžแžšแž‡แžถแžแžทโ€‹ Global Witness แž”แžถแž“แž™แž€แž…แžทแžแŸ’แžแž‘แžปแž€แžŠแžถแž€แŸ‹แž‡แžถแž›แžพแž€แžŠแŸ†แž”แžผแž„ แž…แŸ†แž–แŸ„แŸ‡แžŸแž—แžถแž–แž’แŸ’แž„แž“แŸ‹แž’แŸ’แž„แžšแž“แŸƒแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธแž“แŸ…แž”แŸ’แžšแž‘แŸแžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถ แžŠแŸ„แž™แžšแž”แžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแžŸแŸ’แžแžธแž–แžธ"แž€แžถแžšแž€แžถแž“แŸ‹แž€แžถแž”แŸ‹แž™แŸ‰แžถแž„แž€แž˜แŸ’แžšแŸ„แž›" (Hostile Takeover) แž“แžทแž„"แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แž€แžถแžšแž–แžถแžšแžŠแžธ" แžŠแŸ„แž™แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžšแž”แžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž“แŸ„แŸ‡ แž‚แžผแžŸแž”แž‰แŸ’แž‡แžถแž€แŸ‹แžขแŸ†แž–แžธแžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž แŸแžแžปแž–แžทแž แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแž€แŸ†แž–แžปแž„แž‡แžฝแž”แž”แŸ’แžšแž‘แŸ‡แžœแžทแž”แžแŸ’แžแžท แž“แŸƒแž€แžถแžšแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธแž’แŸ’แž„แž“แŸ‹แž’แŸ’แž„แžšโ€ฆ [แž แžพแž™] แž”แžถแž“แžšแž€แžƒแžพแž‰ แŸงแŸ % แž“แŸƒแž•แŸ’แž‘แŸƒแžŠแžธ แžŠแŸ‚แž›แžขแžถแž…แž”แž„แŸ’แž€แž”แž„แŸ’แž€แžพแž“แž•แž›แž”แžถแž“ แžแŸ’แžšแžผแžœแž”แžถแž“โ€‹แž€แžถแž“แŸ‹แž€แžถแž”แŸ‹ แž“แžทแž„แžขแž—แžทแžœแžŒแŸ’แžแžŠแŸ„แž™แž€แŸ’แžšแžปแž˜แž แŸŠแžปแž“ แžŠแŸ‚แž›โ€‹แž‚แžถแŸ†แž‘แŸ’แžšแžŠแŸ„แž™แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แŸ” แž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚แŸ’แžšแŸ„แŸ‡แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธแž˜แžถแž“แž”แŸ’แžšแž˜แžถแžŽแž‡แžถแž„ แŸขแŸ แŸ ,แŸ แŸ แŸ  แž“แžถแž€แŸ‹ แž”แžผแž€แž“แžนแž„แž‡แž“แžšแž„แž‚แŸ’แžšแŸ„แŸ‡แž“แŸƒแž€แžถแžšแž”แžŽแŸ’แžแŸแž‰แž…แŸแž‰แžŠแŸ„แž™แžแžปแžŸแž…แŸ’แž”แžถแž”แŸ‹ แž“แžทแž„แž–แž›แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แž‚แžฝแžšโ€‹แžฒแŸ’แž™แžขแžถแžŸแžผแžš แž‡แžถแž…แŸ’แžšแžพแž“แž‘แŸ€แžแŸ” 

แž€แžถแžšแžœแžถแžŸแŸ‹แžœแŸ‚แž„โ€‹แž‘แžธแž–แžธแžšแž“แŸƒแž—แžถแž–แž‡แŸ„แž‚แž‡แŸแž™แžŠแŸแžŸแŸ†แžแžถแž“แŸ‹ แž‚แžบโ€‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸ แž”แžถแž“แžŸแž˜แŸ’แžšแŸแž…แž”แž“แŸ’แžแŸ‚แž˜แž•แŸ’แž“แŸ‚แž€แž‘แžธแž–แžธแžš แž“แŸƒแžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแžŸแŸŠแžพแž”แžขแž„แŸ’แž€แŸแžแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž‚แžถแžแŸ‹ แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž‚แŸ’แžšแŸ„แž„แž“แžนแž„แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแžกแžพแž„แž“แŸ…แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžแŸ‚แž€แžปแž˜แŸ’แž—แŸˆ แžฌ แžแŸ‚แž˜แžธแž“แžถแŸ” แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž‘แžธแŸขแž“แŸแŸ‡ แž˜แžถแž“แžŸแžถแžšแŸˆแžŸแŸ†แžแžถแž“แŸ‹แžŽแžถแžŸแŸ‹ แž–แŸ’แžšแŸ„แŸ‡แžœแžถแž“แžนแž„แž•แŸ’แžแž›แŸ‹แžฑแž€แžถแžŸแž‡แžถแž›แžพแž€แž‘แžธแŸข แžŸแž˜แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แŸ‹แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšแž™แžพแž„ แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธแž‡แŸ†แžšแžปแž‰แžฒแŸ’แž™แž˜แžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแž™แž€แž…แžทแžแŸ’แžแž‘แžปแž€แžŠแžถแž€แŸ‹แžแŸ’แž–แžŸแŸ‹ แž–แžธแžŸแŸ†แžŽแžถแž€แŸ‹แžขแž“แŸ’แžแžšแž‡แžถแžแžท แž…แŸ†แž–แŸ„แŸ‡แž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžแŸ’แžœแŸ‡แž€แžถแžšแž‚แŸ„แžšแž– แžฒแŸ’แž™โ€‹แžแž˜แŸ’แž›แŸƒโ€‹แžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แŸ…โ€‹แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถ แž‚แžบโ€‹แž“แŸ…โ€‹แž˜แžปแž“แž–แŸแž›แž–แžทแž“แžทแžแŸ’แž™แžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž–แŸแž‰แž›แŸแž‰แž›แžพแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž“แŸแŸ‡ แžŠแŸ‚แž›แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžทแž“แžนแž„แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแžกแžพแž„แž“แŸ…แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžแŸ‚ แžงแžŸแž—แžถ แžŠแŸ‚แž›โ€‹แž‡แžถแž•แŸ’แž“แŸ‚แž€แž“แŸƒแžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž€แžถแžšแžแŸ’แžšแžฝแžแž–แžทแž“แžทแžแŸ’แž™แž‡แžถแžŸแž€แž›แžแžถแž˜แž€แžถแž›แž€แŸ†แžŽแžแŸ‹ (UPR)แŸ” แž‡แžถแž€แžถแžšแž–แžทแžแžŽแžถแžŸแŸ‹ แžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž˜แž—แžถแž–แž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž“แŸ„แŸ‡ แž“แžนแž„แž•แŸ’แžแž›แŸ‹แžฑแŸ’แž™แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšแž“แžผแžœ"แžฑแž€แžถแžŸโ€‹แž˜แžถแžŸแž‡แžถแž›แžพแž€แž‘แžธแž–แžธแžšโ€ แž“แŸ…แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž”แžšแžทแž”แž‘แž“แŸƒแžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แžŸแŸŠแžพแž”แžขแž„แŸ’แž€แŸแžแž”แž“แŸ’แžแŸ‚แž˜แž“แŸ…แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแŸ” 

แž€แžถแžšแžœแžถแžŸแŸ‹แžœแŸ‚แž„โ€‹แž‘แžธโ€‹แž”แžธแž“แŸƒแž—แžถแž–แž‡แŸ„แž‚แž‡แŸแž™แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž™แžพแž„ แž‚แžบโ€‹แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแžŠแŸ‚แž›แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸ แž™แž€แž…แžทแžแŸ’แžแž‘แžปแž€แžŠแžถแž€แŸ‹แž‡แžถแž…แž˜แŸ’แž”แž„ แž›แžพแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แž™แž€แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธ แžŠแŸ‚แž›แžŸแŸ’แžšแž”แž‘แŸ…แž“แžนแž„โ€‹แžขแŸ’แžœแžธแžŠแŸ‚แž›โ€‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžท "แžขแŸ†แž–แžถแžœแž“แžถแžœแž‡แžถแž•แŸ’แž›แžผแžœแž€แžถแžš" แžŸแžปแŸ†แž–แŸแžแŸŒแž˜แžถแž“ แž“แžทแž„แžŸแŸ†แžŽแžผแž˜แž–แžšแž–แžธแž€แŸ’แžšแžปแž˜แžŸแž„แŸ’แž‚แž˜แžŸแŸŠแžธแžœแžทแž› แž“แžทแž„แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžแžŸแŸŠแžผแž˜แžแžท แžฒแŸ’แž™แž‡แžฝแž™แž•แŸ’แžแž›แŸ‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž แŸแžแžปแž–แžทแžแž“แŸƒแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถ แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธโ€‹แžšแž€โ€‹โ€‹แžŠแŸ†แžŽแŸ„แŸ‡แžŸแŸ’แžšแžถแž™แž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธแž‡แžถแž‘แžผแž‘แŸ…แŸ” แžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž˜แž—แžถแž–แž“แŸแŸ‡แž“แžนแž„แž•แŸ’แžแž›แŸ‹แžฑแŸ’แž™แž™แžพแž„แž“แžผแžœแžฑแž€แžถแžŸแž˜แžฝแž™แž•แŸ’แžŸแŸแž„แž‘แŸ€แž แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธแžšแŸ€แž”แžšแžถแž”แŸ‹โ€‹ แž“แžทแž„แž…แž„แž€แŸ’แžšแž„แžฏแž€แžŸแžถแžšแž–แžธแžŸแž—แžถแž–แž’แŸ’แž„แž“แŸ‹แž’แŸ’แž„แžšแž“แŸƒแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธแž“แŸ…แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแŸ”

แž™แžพแž„โ€‹แž”แžถแž“โ€‹แž…แžถแž”แŸ‹โ€‹แž•แŸ’แžแžพแž˜โ€‹แž”แŸ’แžšแž˜แžผแž›โ€‹แž•แŸ’แžŠแžปแŸ†โ€‹แž€แžถแžšโ€‹แž†แŸ’แž›แžพแž™โ€‹แžแž”โ€‹แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹โ€‹แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸโ€‹แžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšโ€‹แžšแžฝแž…โ€‹แž‘แŸ…โ€‹แž แžพแž™ แž–แžธแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—โ€‹แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธแž“แŸแŸ‡ แž‚แžบแžŠแžถแž€แŸ‹โ€‹แž‡แžผแž“แž‘แŸ…โ€‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšโ€‹แžŸแž โ€‹แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžทแžŠแŸ‚แž› โ€œแžขแŸ†แž–แžถแžœแž“แžถแžœโ€‹แžšแž€แž–แžแŸŒแž˜แžถแž“โ€แž“แŸ„แŸ‡โ€‹แŸ” แž™แžพแž„โ€‹แž‚แŸ’แžšแŸ„แž„โ€‹แž“แžนแž„โ€‹โ€‹แžŠแžถแž€แŸ‹โ€‹แžŸแŸ’แž“แžพโ€‹แž€แžถแžšแž”แž‰แŸ’แž…แžผแž›โ€‹แž–แžแŸŒแž˜แžถแž“แž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž“แŸ„แŸ‡ โ€‹แž“แŸ…โ€‹แžŠแžพแž˜โ€‹แžแŸ‚ โ€‹แž˜แžธแž“แžถแŸ” แžฏแž€แžŸแžถแžšแž“แŸ„แŸ‡แž“แžนแž„แžšแžฝแž˜แž”แž‰แŸ’แž…แžผแž›แž€แžถแžšแž–แžทแž“แžทแžแŸ’แž™แžกแžพแž„แžœแžทแž‰แž™แŸ‰แžถแž„แž‘แžผแž›แŸ†แž‘แžผแž›แžถแž™ แžขแŸ†แž–แžธแžŸแŸ’แžแžถแž“แž—แžถแž–แž“แŸƒแž€แžถแžšแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แžŠแžธแž’แŸ’แž›แžธ แž€แžถแž›แž–แžธแžขแžแžธแžแž€แžถแž› แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แžšแŸ€แž”แžšแžถแž”แŸ‹แž›แž˜แŸ’แžขแžทแžแž–แžธแž‘แžธแžแžถแŸ†แž„แž”แž…แŸ’แž…แžปแž”แŸ’แž”แž“แŸ’แž“ แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž”แž„แŸ’แžแŸ†แžฒแŸ’แž™แž˜แžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแž•แŸ’แž›แžถแžŸแŸ‹แž‘แžธแž›แŸ†แž“แŸ…แžแžปแžŸแž…แŸ’แž”แžถแž”แŸ‹ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž€แŸ†แž–แžปแž„แž€แžพแžแžกแžพแž„ แžšแžฝแž˜แž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž…แŸ†แž“แžฝแž“โ€‹แž”แŸ‰แžถแž“แŸ‹แžŸแŸ’แž˜แžถแž“แž“แŸƒแž–แž›แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžšแž„แž‚แŸ’แžšแŸ„แŸ‡โ€‹ แž–แžธแž€แžถแžšแžขแž“แžปแžœแžแŸ’แžแžแžปแžŸแž…แŸ’แž”แžถแž”แŸ‹แž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž“แŸแŸ‡แŸ” 

แž‡แžถแž…แžปแž„แž€แŸ’แžšแŸ„แž™ แžšแžฟแž„แžŸแŸ†แžแžถแž“แŸ‹แžŠแŸ‚แž›แžแŸ’แžšแžผแžœแž€แžแŸ‹แžŸแž˜แŸ’แž‚แžถแž›แŸ‹ แž‚แžบ แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžขแŸ†แžกแžปแž„แž–แŸแž›แž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แžŸแŸŠแžพแž”แžขแž„แŸ’แž€แŸแžแžšแž™แŸˆแž–แŸแž›แž”แŸ’แžšแžถแŸ†แžแŸ’แž„แŸƒแžŠแŸ†แž”แžผแž„โ€‹แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸ แž˜แžถแž“แžšแžฟแž„แžšแŸ‰แžถแžœแž‡แžถแž…แŸ’แžšแžพแž“ แž€แžพแžแžกแžพแž„แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž”แž„แŸ’แž แžถแž‰แžฒแŸ’แž™แžƒแžพแž‰แžขแŸ†แž–แžธแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแž‡แžถแž€แŸ‹แžŸแŸ’แžŠแŸ‚แž„แžŠแŸ‚แž€แŸ†แŸ†แž–แžปแž„แž€แžพแžแž˜แžถแž“แž“แŸ…แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถ แž“แŸ…แž“แžนแž„โ€‹แž˜แžปแžโ€‹แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸโ€‹ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แžŠแŸ‚แž›โ€‹แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžขแž“แŸ’แžแžšแž‡แžถแžแžทแžแŸ’แžšแžผแžœแžŠแŸ„แŸ‡แžŸแŸ’แžšแžถแž™แŸ” แžขแŸ’แžœแžธแžŠแŸ‚แž›แž‚แžฝแžšแžฒแŸ’แž™แž€แžแŸ‹แžŸแž˜แŸ’แž‚แžถแž›แŸ‹ แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž…แŸ†แžŽแŸ„แž˜แž“แŸ„แŸ‡ แž‚แžบแž€แžถแžšแž”แŸ’แžšแž˜แžผแž›แž•แŸ’แžแžปแŸ†โ€‹แž‚แŸ’แž“แžถโ€‹แžแžœแŸ‰แžถโ€‹แžŠแŸ„แž™แžŸแž“แŸ’แžแžทแžœแžทแž’แžธ แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแžกแžพแž„แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž‘แžทแžœแžถแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸ (แŸกแŸ  แž’แŸ’แž“แžผ) แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž–แž›แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แž‘แžถแž˜แž‘แžถแžšโ€‹แžฒแŸ’แž™แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแžŸแŸ’แžแžถแžšแžŸแŸ’แžแžถแž“แž—แžถแž–แžขแžถแž€แŸ’แžšแž€แŸ‹แž“แŸแŸ‡แžกแžพแž„แžœแžทแž‰แŸ” แžแžถแž„แž—แžถแž‚แžธแžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถ แž‘แŸ„แŸ‡แž”แžธแž‡แžถแž–แžฝแž€แž‚แŸโ€‹ แž˜แžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแžขแŸ‡แžขแžถแž„ แž‘แŸ…แž€แžถแž“แŸ‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸ แž–แžธแž€แžถแžšแžšแžธแž€แž…แž˜แŸ’แžšแžพแž“แžŠแŸ‚แž›แžแŸ’แž›แžฝแž“แž”แžถแž“แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแž€แŸแžŠแŸ„แž™ แž€แŸแž™แžพแž„แž“แŸ…แžแŸ‚แžŸแž„แŸ’แž€แŸแžแžƒแžพแž‰แž˜แžถแž“โ€‹แž€แžถแžšแž”แž„แŸ’แž€แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžŠแžพแžšแžŠแž„แŸ’แž แŸ‚แžŠแŸ„แž™แžŸแž“แŸ’แžแžทแžœแžทแž’แžธ แž“แžทแž„แžขแž‡แŸ’แž‰แžถแž’แžšแž”แž„แŸ’แžแŸ†แžฒแŸ’แž™แž”แž‰แŸ’แž…แž”แŸ‹แž€แžถแžšแž”แŸ’แžšแžถแžšแž–แŸ’แž’แž‘แžทแžœแžถแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸ แžŠแŸ„แž™แž”แžทแž‘แž•แŸ’แž›แžผแžœแž…แžผแž›แž‘แžธแž›แžถแž“แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž’แžทแž”แžแŸแž™แŸ’แž™แž‡แžถแžŠแžพแž˜แŸ”โ€‹

แžŸแŸ’แžšแž”แž‡แžถแž˜แžฝแž™แž“แžนแž„แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แŸˆแž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸแž“แŸแŸ‡ แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แž”แžถแž“แž…แžถแžแŸ‹แžœแžทแž’แžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž‚แžถแž”แžŸแž„แŸ’แž€แžแŸ‹แž‘แŸ…แž›แžพแž—แžšแžทแž™แžถ แž€แžผแž“แžŸแŸ’แžšแžธ แž“แžทแž„แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แž‚แžถแŸ†แž‘แŸ’แžšแž–แžธแžšแž“แžถแž€แŸ‹แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แž‘แŸ„แžŸแž“แž™แŸ„แž”แžถแž™แžˆแŸ’แž˜แŸ„แŸ‡ แž€แž„ แžŸแžถแžšแŸ‰แž“ แžŠแŸ„แž™แž…แžถแž”แŸ‹แžแŸ’แž›แžฝแž“แž–แžฝแž€แž‚แžถแžแŸ‹แž“แŸ…แž–แŸแž›แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž–แžฝแž€แž‚แžถแžแŸ‹แž–แŸ’แž™แžถแž™แžถแž˜แž‘แŸ…แžšแž€แž‡แŸ†แž“แžฝแž™แž“แŸ…แž€แžถแžšแžทแž™แžถแž›แŸแž™แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸโ€‹แž›แžธแž€แžถแžŠแžผ (LICADHO) แž”แŸ’แžšแž…แžถแŸ†แžแŸแžแŸ’แžแž”แž“แŸ’แž‘แžถแž™แž˜แžถแž“แž‡แŸแž™แŸ” แž–แž›แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž“แŸ„แŸ‡แž‘แŸ…แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธแž‘แž‘แžฝแž›แž”แžถแž“แž–แŸแžแŸŒแž˜แžถแž“แž–แžธแž€แžšแžŽแžธแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹ แž›แŸ„แž€ แž€แž„ แžŸแžถแžšแŸ‰แž“ แž”แŸ‰แžปแž“แŸ’แžแŸ‚แžแŸ’แžšแžผแžœแž”แžถแž“แžขแžถแž‡แŸ’แž‰แžถแž’แžšแž…แžถแž”แŸ‹แžแŸ’แž›แžฝแž“แž‘แŸ…แžœแžทแž‰แŸ”

แž…แŸ†แžŽแžถแžแŸ‹แž€แžถแžšแž‚แžถแž”แžŸแž„แŸ’แž€แžแŸ‹แž™แŸ‰แžถแž„แž€แž˜แŸ’แžšแŸ„แž›แž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž“แŸแŸ‡ แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแžกแžพแž„แžŠแŸ„แž™แž˜แžทแž“แžแŸ’แž˜แžถแžŸแžขแŸ€แž“แž‘แŸ„แŸ‡แž”แžธแž‡แžถแžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸแž˜แžถแž“แžœแžแŸ’แžแž˜แžถแž“แž“แŸ…แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž”แŸ’แžšแž‘แŸแžŸแž€แŸแžŠแŸ„แž™ แž“แžทแž„แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžขแŸ†แžกแžปแž„แž–แŸแž›แž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸแž”แŸ†แž•แžปแžแž“แŸƒแž€แžถแžšแž”แŸ’แžšแžถแžšแž–แŸ’แž’แž‘แžทแžœแžถแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž•แž„แŸ”โ€‹ แž‘แž„แŸ’แžœแžพแž“แŸแŸ‡แž”แž‰แŸ’แž‡แžถแž€แŸ‹แžแžถ แž€แžถแžšแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž’แŸ’แž„แž“แŸ‹แž’แŸ’แž„แžš แž“แŸ…แžแŸ‚แž”แž“แŸ’แžแž€แžพแžแž˜แžถแž“ แž แžพแž™แžŠแŸ†แžŽแŸ„แŸ‡แžŸแŸ’แžšแžถแž™แžŸแŸ’แžแžถแžšแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แŸแŸ‡ แž€แžถแž“แŸ‹แžแŸ‚แžแž™แž…แžปแŸ‡ แž–แŸ’แžšแŸ„แŸ‡โ€‹แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แž”แž“แŸ’แžแž€แžถแžšแžšแŸ†แž›แŸ„แž—แžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž’แŸ’แž„แž“แŸ‹แž’แŸ’แž„แžš แž•แŸ’แž‘แžปแž™แž–แžธแž€แžถแžšแžŠแžพแžšแžแžถแž˜แž˜แžถแž‚แŸŒแžถแž“แŸƒแžœแžทแž’แžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแžŠแŸ„แŸ‡แžŸแŸ’แžšแžถแž™แž‡แžถแžขแž“แžปแžŸแžถแžŸแž“แŸแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžทแŸ” แž‡แžถแžšแžฝแž˜โ€‹แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แž›แŸ„แž€ แž แŸŠแžปแž“ แž˜แŸ‰แžถแžŽแŸ‚แžโ€‹ แž”แž“แŸ’แžแžขแž“แžปแžœแžแŸ’แžแžœแžทแž’แžธแžŸแžถแžŸแŸ’แžšแŸ’แžแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž›แŸ„แž€ แž แŸŠแžปแž“ แžŸแŸ‚แž“ แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž€แžถแžšแž”แž„แŸ’แž€แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แž›แžพแžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž แŸŠแžถแž“แžšแžทแŸ‡แž‚แž“แŸ‹แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž› แž“แžทแž„แžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž˜แž—แžถแž–แž“แž™แŸ„แž”แžถแž™แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž‚แžŽแž”แž€แŸ’แžŸแž”แŸ’แžšแž†แžถแŸ†แž„แŸ” แž“แŸแŸ‡แž‡แžถแž€แžถแžšแž”แž„แŸ’แž€แžพแž“แž—แžถแž–แžšแžนแžแžแŸ’แž”แžทแž แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž แžถแž˜แžƒแžถแžแŸ‹โ€‹แž™แŸ‰แžถแž„แžแžนแž„แžšแŸ‰แžนแž„ แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธแžšแž€แŸ’แžŸแžถแžขแŸ†แžŽแžถแž…แž“แž™แŸ„แž”แžถแž™ แž“แžทแž„แž€แžถแžšแž‚แŸ’แžšแž”แŸ‹แž‚แŸ’แžšแž„แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžแžถแž˜แž”แŸ‚แž”แžฏแž€แž”แž€แŸ’แžŸโ€‹แž”แž“แŸ’แžแž‘แŸ…แž‘แŸ€แžแŸ”

แžŸแžผแž˜แž”แž„แž”แŸ’แžขแžผแž“แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžš แž”แž“แŸ’แžแžแžถแž˜แžŠแžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแžœแžทแžœแžแŸ’แžแžทแž“แŸแŸ‡ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž”แž“แŸ’แžแž…แžผแž›แžšแžฝแž˜แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž˜แž—แžถแž–โ€‹แžแžŸแŸŠแžผแž˜แžแžทแžแž‘แŸ…แž‘แŸ€แž แžŠแŸ’แž”แžทแžแžขแžธแž™แžพแž„แž“แŸ…แžแŸ‚แž˜แžทแž“แž‘แžถแž“แŸ‹แž˜แžถแž“แžแž˜แŸ’แžšแžปแž™ แžแžถแžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž›แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแž”แž…แŸ’แž…แžปแž”แŸ’แž”แž“แŸ’แž“ แž“แžนแž„โ€‹แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแž€แžถแžšแž€แŸ‚แž‘แž˜แŸ’แžšแž„แŸ‹ แžŠแŸ„แž™แžŸแŸ’แžแžถแžšแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž’แžทแž”แžแŸแž™แŸ’แž™โ€‹แžกแžพแž„แžœแžทแž‰แž“แŸ…แžกแžพแž™ แžŸแŸ’แžšแž”แž–แŸแž›แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž“แŸ…แž”แŸ‰แžปแž“แŸ’แž˜แžถแž“แžแŸ‚แžแžถแž„แž˜แžปแž“แŸแŸ‡ แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸแž‚แŸ’แžšแŸ„แž„แž“แžนแž„โ€‹แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แžŸแŸŠแžพแž”แžขแž„แŸ’แž€แŸแž แž‘แŸ…แžŸแŸ’แžšแžปแž€แžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšแž‡แžถแž›แžพแž€แž‘แžธแž–แžธแžš แž แžพแž™โ€‹แž˜แžถแž“โ€‹แžŸแž˜แŸแž™แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžปแŸ†แžแŸ’แžšแžฝแžแž–แžทแž“แžทแžแŸ’แž™แžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž‡แžถแžŸแž€แž›แžแžถแž˜แž€แžถแž›แž€แŸ†แžŽแžแŸ‹แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžทแž“แŸ…แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„ แžแŸ‚แž˜แžธแž“แžถแŸ” แžขแŸ’แžœแžธแžŠแŸ‚แž›แž™แžพแž„แžแžŸแŸŠแžผแž˜แžแžท แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž‘แžถแž˜แž‘แžถแžš แž‚แžบแž€แžถแžšแž”แŸ’แžšแžพแž”แŸ’แžšแžถแžŸแŸ‹โ€‹แž™แž“แŸ’แžแž€แžถแžšโ€‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžท แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธโ€‹แž”แž„แŸ’แž€แžพแžแžฑแŸ’แž™แž˜แžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแž•แŸ’แž›แžถแžŸแŸ‹แž”แŸ’แžแžผแžš แž“แžทแž„แž€แžถแžšแž€แŸ‚แž›แŸ†แžขแžšแžŠแŸแž˜แžถแž“แžขแžแŸ’แžแž“แŸแž™ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž”แŸ’แžšแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แž—แžถแž–โ€‹แž“แŸ…แž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžšแžŠแŸ’แž‹แžถแž—แžทแž”แžถแž› แž แŸŠแžปแž“ แžŸแŸ‚แž“/แž แŸŠแžปแž“ แž˜แŸ‰แžถแžŽแŸ‚แž แž›แžพแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž“แŸแŸ‡แŸ” แž™แžพแž„แž“แžนแž„แž”แž“แŸ’แžแž’แŸ’แžœแžพแžšแž”แžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแžแŸ’แž˜แžธแŸ—แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž…แžปแž„แž€แŸ’แžšแŸ„แž™แžขแŸ†แž–แžธแž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแž“แŸแŸ‡ แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธแž‡แž˜แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แž‡แžผแž“แž”แž„แž”แŸ’แžขแžผแž“แž‡แžถแž”แž“แŸ’แžแž”แž“แŸ’แž‘แžถแž”แŸ‹โ€‹แŸ” แž‘แž“แŸ’แž‘แžนแž˜แž“แžนแž„แž“แŸ„แŸ‡ แž™แžพแž„แžŸแžผแž˜แž‡แŸ†แžšแžปแž‰แžฑแŸ’แž™แž”แž„แž”แŸ’แžขแžผแž“โ€‹แž”แž“แŸ’แžแž…แžผแž›แžšแžฝแž˜แžŠแŸ„แž™แžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž˜โ€‹โ€‹ แž“แžทแž„แžแžถแž˜โ€‹แžƒแŸ’แž›แžถแŸ†แž˜แžพแž›แžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž˜แž—แžถแž–แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžท แž“แžทแž„แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แžแžทแžแžแŸ†แž”แŸ’แžšแžนแž„แž”แŸ’แžšแŸ‚แž„แžแžŸแŸŠแžผแž˜แžแžทแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšแžŠแŸ„แž™แŸ– 

แŸก. แžแžถแž˜แžŠแžถแž“แž€แžถแžšแžœแžทแžœแžแŸ’แžแž“แŸƒแžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž€แžถแžš แž“แžทแž„แžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž˜แž—แžถแž–แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžทแŸ” 

แŸข. แž•แŸ’แžแž›แŸ‹แž‡แžถแž‚แŸ†แž“แžทแž แž“แžทแž„แž›แžพแž€แž‡แžถแžŸแŸ†แžŽแžผแž˜โ€‹แž–แžšโ€‹แžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แž”แž„แž”แŸ’แžขแžผแž“ แž˜แž€แž–แžฝแž€แž™แžพแž„แžแŸ’แž‰แžปแŸ†โ€‹ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž˜แž“แŸ’แžแŸ’แžšแžธแžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžทแž“แžทแž„ 

แŸฃ. แžšแŸ€แž”แž…แŸ†แž€แŸ’แžšแžปแž˜แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแž™แžพแž„ แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธแžแžถแž˜แžŠแžถแž“แžšแžฝแž˜แž‚แŸ’แž“แžถ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แžšแžฝแž˜แž‚แŸ’แž“แžถแžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸโ€‹แžขแŸ†แž–แžธแž–แŸแžแŸŒแž˜แžถแž“แžแŸ’แž˜แžธแŸ— แžŠแŸ‚แž›แž€แžพแžแžกแžพแž„แž‡แžปแŸ†แžœแžทแž‰แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž€แžถแžšแž“แŸƒแžขแž“แŸ’แžแžšแžถแž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžทแž“แŸแŸ‡ แžŠแžพแž˜แŸ’แž”แžธแžฒแŸ’แž™แž”แž„แž”แŸ’แžขแžผแž“แžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšแž™แžพแž„โ€‹แž”แžถแž“แž‡แŸ’แžšแžถแž” แžฒแŸ’แž™แž”แžถแž“แž‘แžผแž›แŸ†แž‘แžผแž›แžถแž™แŸ”

แž‡แžถแž…แžปแž„แž€แŸ’แžšแŸ„แž™ แžแŸ’แž‰แžปแŸ†แžŸแžผแž˜แž‡แž˜แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แž‡แžผแž“แž”แž„แž”แŸ’แžขแžผแž“แžแžถ แž•แŸ’แž“แŸ‚แž€แž‘แžธแž–แžธแžšแž“แŸƒแžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž‘แžŸแŸ’แžŸแž“แž€แžทแž…แŸ’แž…แžŸแŸŠแžพแž”แžขแž„แŸ’แž€แŸแžแž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แž”แŸ’แžšแž‘แŸแžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแžšแž”แžŸแŸ‹แžขแŸ’แž“แž€แžšแžถแž™แž€แžถแžšแžŽแŸแž–แžทแžŸแŸแžŸ แž“แžทแž„แž€แžถแžšแž–แžทแž“แžทแžแŸ’แž™แž”แž‰แŸ’แž แžถแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แžทแž˜แž“แžปแžŸแŸ’แžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถโ€‹ แž–แžธแžŸแŸ†แžŽแžถแž€แŸ‹โ€‹แžขแž„แŸ’แž‚แž€แžถแžšแžŸแž แž”แŸ’แžšแž‡แžถแž‡แžถแžแžทแž“แŸ…แž€แž˜แŸ’แž–แžปแž‡แžถแž€แŸ’แž“แžปแž„แžแŸ‚ แžงแžŸแž—แžถ แž‚แžบโ€‹แž‡แžถแžฑแž€แžถแžŸแžŠแŸแžŸแŸ†แžแžถแž“แŸ‹แž”แŸ†แž•แžปแž แž“แžถแž–แŸแž›แžแžถแž„แž˜แžปแžแžŸแž˜แŸ’แžšแžถแž”แŸ‹แž€แžถแžšแž„แžถแžšแžแžŸแŸŠแžผแž˜แžแžทแž”แŸ’แžšแž€แž”แžŠแŸ„แž™แž”แŸ’แžšแžŸแžทแž‘แŸ’แž’แž—แžถแž–แžŠแŸ„แž™แžŸแž แž‚แž˜แž“แŸแžแŸ’แž˜แŸ‚แžšแž™แžพแž„โ€‹! แžŠแŸ†แžŽแžพแžšแž€แžถแžšแž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แž“แŸแŸ‡ แž‘แžถแž˜แž‘แžถแžšแžฒแŸ’แž™แž”แž„แž”แŸ’แžขแžผแž“แž™แžพแž„แž‘แžถแŸ†แž„แžขแžŸแŸ‹แž‚แŸ’แž“แžถแž™แž€แž…แžทแžแŸ’แžแž‘แžปแž€แžŠแžถแž€แŸ‹แžแŸ’แž›แžถแŸ†แž„ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž’แŸ’แžœแžพแžŸแž€แž˜แŸ’แž˜แž—แžถแž–แžšแžฝแž˜แž‚แŸ’แž“แžถโ€‹ แž แžพแž™โ€‹แž‡แžฝแž™แž‚แžถแŸ†แž‘แŸ’แžšแž‚แŸ’แž“แžถโ€‹ แž‡แžถแž…แžถแŸ†แž”แžถแž…แŸ‹ แž“แžทแž„โ€‹แž”แž“แŸ’แž‘แžถแž“แŸ‹แž•แž„แŸ•

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Progress Report: United Nations Special Rapporteur In-Country Visit To Cambodia, December 4-14, 2023