Preparatory Session for the Second US State Department Roundtable, June 30, 2025: Statements by the Khmer community
Overview by Brad Adams
In anticipation of the US State Department second roundtable on Cambodia, we canvased a number of experts dealing with Cambodia issues, including a former Ambassador of the US to Cambodia. The result of that canvasing was very similar to the international Khmer community survey that we conducted for the first US State Department roundtable on Cambodia on March 26, 2025.
The three major issue areas that were identified as requiring priority attention were:
The worsening political repression in Cambodia, especially the destruction of the political opposition, the use of mass criminal trials, and the forced closure of independent media;
Growing disproportionate influence of China and Vietnam in Cambodia both in respect to Chinese economic and military participation and growing influence of Vietnam;
The need to apply stronger economic pressure to influence the actions of the Hun Sen and Hun Manet regime. Recent examples have shown that they respond directly to economic pressure, and this strategy must be expanded.
In addition, the Cambodia experts as well as the international Khmer community were adamant about the necessity of having the US government reassert its decision to eliminate the funding and activities of VOA and RFA in Cambodia and Southeast Asia nations. Those sources of independent journalism operate not only to assist the Khmer community but provide the most substantial form of factual information and intelligence to the US government itself. Without these sources the USβ foreign policy is being carried out without a strong factual basis.
This is an opportunity for key partners like NDI, IRI, RFA, and VOA to seek US government support to revisit these defunding decisions and restoring critical sources of information and intelligence that have long supported democratic efforts in Cambodia.
Democracy and Political Process Issue
The situation of widespread political repression in Cambodia has gone significantly downhill in the 45 years of the Hun Sen and Hun Manet dictatorial regime. A low point was reached ahead of the 2023 national elections, when the UN extensively documented and criticized:
The opposition political party was declared illegal and forced to disband;
Mass Criminal Trial, at least five since 2020, were conducted to imprison, silence and force into exile over 150 opposition political leaders and other critics of the government.
Independent media outlets, including foreign press agencies, were forced to close or give control over their operation to the government, and independent journalists were jailed and silenced.
Democracy and human rights were destroyed in the process, culminating in what the UN described as the βhereditary appointmentβ of Hun Senβs son, Hun Manet, as his successor as Prime Minister.
The latest highly repressive action along these same lines was the criminal prosecution and conviction of long-time union leader and spokesperson for workersβ rights, Rong Chhun. He was sentenced to four yearsβ imprisonment, for doing nothing more than exercising his free speech and free association rights in support of workersβ interests.
It is long past due for the US government to speak clearly and forcefully, and to take meaningful action to secure political reforms in Cambodia that restore democracy and human rights, as promised in the 1991 Paris Peace Accords. The slide toward dictatorship and autocracy has gone long enough. The US must speak out and demand supportive action to promote democracy and human rights for Cambodia.
Growing Foreign Influence over Cambodiaβs Sovereignty and Territory Issue
There was a consensus among the Khmer community and Cambodia experts that the issue of increasing incursions into Cambodiaβs sovereignty and territorial integrity by China and Vietnam was the issue that deserved highest priority attention.
Over the past decade, China and Vietnam have rapidly expanded their military and economic footprint in Cambodia. China now operates a naval base at Ream, with a second military-capable facility reportedly under development at Dara Sakor in Koh Kong province. These installations are part of a broader Chinese strategy of dual-use infrastructure, projects that appear to serve both commercial and potential military purposes, in at least two additional provinces. International observers have linked Chinese-controlled operations to cybercrime, human trafficking, and online scam networks, raising concerns about foreign control and sovereignty issues in at least five additional provinces.
Similarly, Vietnamese military-linked companies have acquired tens of thousands of hectares in northeastern Cambodia. In Ratanakiri alone, Corps 15, a unit of the Vietnamese military, holds nearly 40,000 hectares. Along the eastern border, over 100 Vietnamese military outposts have been reported across eight provinces, with some converted into permanent structures. At the same time, Vietnam is deepening its influence into Cambodiaβs infrastructure and economy as seen in upcoming the Ho Chi Minh CityβPhnom Penh expressway.
These foreign installation trends are a major concern for Cambodiaβs sovereignty and territorial integrity and directly violate the 1991 Paris Peace Accords, which were established to protect Cambodia from foreign military influence. The US must put pressure on the Hun Manet and Hun Sen government to stop these incursions and to maintain integrity of Cambodiaβs sovereignty and territorial interests.
Economic Issue
There is a growing and overwhelming sentiment from the Khmer community worldwide that the US government must do far more on the economic front to influence meaningful change in Cambodia. Recent examples have shown that targeted economic pressure works. The Cambodian government withdrew from the CLV economic agreement in response to massive international protests. The 19 brands initiative forced a pullback on retaliatory actions against workers. The U.S. governmentβs decision to link foreign aid to the release of political prisoners also produced results. All these economic initiatives have produced positive results, and the Hun Manet and Hun Sen family respond well to economic pressures. That is what moves them and must be expanded.
The US is one of Cambodiaβs largest trade partners, particularly in the textile sector. That leverage must not be wasted. Cambodiaβs economy is heavily dependent on Chinese investment, which has allowed China to entrench both economic and military influence by controlling factories, infrastructure and ports. Vietnam has expanded its economic and territorial footprint in key border regions. While the benefits of US trade are directly going into the pockets of Hun Senβs family and allies.
The US government must do more to apply effective economic pressure to influence the actions of the Hun Manet and Hun Sen regime. That means placing firm conditions on all forms of economic support including trade benefits, development and aid assistance, until clear meaningful reforms are made. No more blank checks. The Cambodian government must show measurable progress on democracy, human rights and the rule of law, where international benchmarks have already been laid out by the UN and endorsed by the US.
Additional Issue: Regimeβs Escalating Repression and Expanding Pattern
There is a dramatic and deeply concerning expansion in the way the Hun Manet and Hun Sen regime is targeting dissidents. This escalation is part of a longstanding pattern is repression, including the assassinations of Thun Bunly, Om Radsady, Chea Vichea, Chut Wutty, and Kem Ley, and the forced return of exiled dissidents and refugees from countries like Thailand and Malaysia.
What is new and alarming is the regimeβs growing boldness, the coordination of its actions, and the extension of its authoritarian control beyond Cambodiaβs borders. Repression is no longer confined within the country. It is now crossing borders to silence opposition voices wherever they exist.
On January 2025, Lim Kimya, a former CNRP parliamentarian and outspoken critic of the regime was assassinated in Bangkok, Thailand. Credible sources described the killing as raising βgrave concerns of foreign government involvement in a politically motivated murder on Thai soil.β Meanwhile, Rong Chhun, a prominent labor leader continues to face harassment and prosecution in Cambodia. These are not isolated cases. They reflect an organized campaign that builds on past repression but extends through new, more aggressive methods, targeting critics both at home and abroad.
This expansion has serious global implications. It violates international legal norms and threatens the safety of diaspora communities, civil society actors and dissidents around the world. The Hun Manet and Hun Sen regime is making clear that it recognizes no boundaries, turning Cambodiaβs repression into a regional and international issue.
Foreign governments such Thailand and Malaysia must stop being complicit in politically motivated acts of intimidation and forced repatriation. The US government must call out the regime and demand an immediate halt to these brazen attacks on dissidents abroad.
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αααα»αα αααααα ααααααααα αα·αα’αααααααΆαααΈαααα αΆααααα»ααΆ ααΆαα―αααΆαααααΆααΆ αααα αΆαααα½αα²αααααα½αααΆαααα αα·ααα½αααααΌαααΆαβαααααα’αΆαα·ααΆαααααααααα»ααααβ ααΊαααα αΆαααααααααα α·α αα·ααααααΆα αααα»ααααααΎαααΆαααααΆαααΆααα»ααα»αα’αα·ααααααααΆα αα·αααΌααααΆαααΉαααΈααααααααα»ααΆα
αααα»ααα½αααααααααα α»ααααααααα ααααααα α·α αα·ααααααΆαααΆααααααΈααααααΆαααααΆ αα·αααααααα·α αα αααααααα½ααααΆαααααααα ααααα»ααΆα αα αα α»ααααααααα ααααααα α·αααΆαααααΎαααΆαααΌαααααΆααααααΎαααΉααα ααΆα α αΎαααΆαααΆαααΆαααΆαααααΆ α α·ααααα»αααΆααααβααΌαααααΆαβααααΆααΈααααΈα’β αα αααααααΆααΆααΆαα αααα»ααααααααααα»αα ααααααααΆααααα ααΆααααααα½ααααα»αααααΆαααααα α·αααααΌααααΌααΆα ααΎααααΈαααααΎαββββββββββα αααααΆαα ααΆαααααααααααααααΆαααΈα ααααααααΎαααα»ααααααααααΆαα·ααααααααα αα·αααΆααααααΆαα»αααααααααααΆαα α αΎααααααααααααα ααααΌαααΆαααααααααααΎα ααααΎα‘αΎααααΆαα αα ααΆαα αα αααα»ααααααα ααα½αβ α’ αααααααααα α’αααααααααααΆαααα’ααααααΆαα·ααααΆαααααΆαα ααααα·ααααα·ααΆααααααααααααααααα α·α ααΆαα½αα§αααα·αααααααααΆαα’ααΈαααΊαα·α ααΆααα½αααΌαααα»ααα αα·ααααααΆααααααααΆααααΆαα’ααΈαααΊαα·α ααααααααΎαααΆααααα½αααΆααααα’αααΈααΆαααααααααααααααααα αα·ααααα αΆα’αα·ααααααααΆα αααΆαα αα ααΆαααα αααααα ααα½αα₯ αααααααααα
ααΌα ααααΆαααααα αααα»αα αα»ααααααΆαααααααααΆαα½αααααΆαααααΆαααΆαααα½αααΆααααΆααααΈααΆαααααΊαα α·αααΆ αα ααΆαα¦ααΆαααααααααααα»ααΆα αα αααααααααα·ααΈαααα½αβ ααααααΆαααααΆαααα α‘α₯ ααΆαααΆααααΆααααΈαα·α α€ αααΊαα α·αααΆα ααΆααααααααααααααααΆαααΆαααΎα ααααααααααα α¨αααααβ ααΆαβααα»αααα·αααααΆαααααΆαααΆαα‘α α α αΎαααα»αααα·αααααΆααααααΆαααααΆααα ααΆαααααα’α α·ααααααααα αααααΉαααΉαααα αααααΆααααα»ααααααΎαα₯αααα·αααααααααα½αααΎααααααααα αααααΆαα ααΆαααααααα αα·ααααα»αααααααα·α αα ααααα»ααΆαααααααα ααΌα αααααΆαααΎααα αααα»αααααααααααΌαααααΏαααΏαααΈαααα»αα αΌααΈαα·α-ααααααα αααααΉαααΆααααααΆαααααΆααα»αα
αα·ααααΆααΆαααααΆαααΆααααΆαααΆαααααααααααααααΆααααα ααΆαααααααα½ααααα ααααααααΆαααααα’αα·ααααααααΆα αα·αααΌααααΆαααΉαααΈααααααααα»ααΆ α αΎαααΆααΆαααααααααααααΆααααααα·α αα αααααααααααΈαααα»ααααΆααΈαααααΆαα‘α©α©α‘ ααααααααΎαα‘αΎαααΎααααΈααΆαααΆαααααα»ααΆααΈα₯αααα·ααααααΆαααααα αα ααααα’αΆαααα·αααααΌαααααΆαααααααΆαααΎαααααΆαα·ααΆαααα α αα»α αααΆααα αα·αααα α αα»α ααα ααΎααααΈααααααα₯αααα·αααααααααΆααααα αα·ααααααΆααΌαααΌααααΆαααΉαααΈ α’αα·ααααααααΆα αα·αααααααααααααααααααα»ααΆα
αααα αΆααααααα·α αα
αα αααααααααααΌααΆαααα·ααααα ααΆααααααΆαα’αΆααααααααααΆααα‘αΎα αα·αααΎααααααΆ αααααΆαα·ααΆααα ααααα’αΆαααα·αααααΌαααααααΎα²ααααΆαα αααΎααααααΎαααααααααααα·α αα ααΆα₯αααα·αααα ααΎαααααΆαα·ααΆαααααα»ααΆ ααΎααααΈα²ααααΆαααΆαααααΆααααααΌαααΆαα·αααααΆαα α§ααΆα αααααααΈαααΆααααα αΆαααΆ ααΆααααααα ααΎαααααΆαααααααα·α αα ααΆααααΎαααΆαααΆαααααα·αααααΆαα αααααΆαα·ααΆαααααα»ααΆαααααα½αα ααααΈαα·α αα αααααααααααααααα·α αα CLV ααΆααΆαααααΎαααααΉαααΆα
ααααΆαααα ααΈααααΆαααα αααααααααααΆααα’αααα αααα ααααααα αααα·ααααα½α ααααΎαααΈαααα»αα αα»ααααααΆααααΆαααΈα αααααααΈααΆαα α‘α© ααΆααααααα²ααααΆαααΆαααααααΎαααααααΆαααααΉααααααΆααααΉαααααααα ααΆααααααα α α·ααααααααααααΆαα·ααΆααα ααααα’αΆαααα·ααααα»αααΆαααααΆαααααα½αααααααα ααΉαααΆαααααααα’αααααααααααΆαααααΆααααα ααααΆαααααααααααα αααα·ααααα½α ααααΎαααααααα·α αα ααΆααα’ααααα ααΆααααααααααααααΆαα·αααααΆα α αΎααααα½ααΆα α αα»α αααΆααα αα·α α αα»α ααα ααααΎααααααΆαααα’α αααααααααΆαααααααα·α αα α ααΌα ααααα αΎαααΆαααΆααααΌααααααΈααααααααΆαααΆααααα ααααααα»αα²ααααΆαααΆαααααΆααααααΌαα
αα ααααα’αΆαααα·α ααΊααΆααααΌααΆαα·ααααααααααααααα»ααα½αααααααααα»ααΆ ααΆαα·ααααααα»ααα·αααααΆααααααα α’αΆαα»ααΆαααααα·αααααΌαααααααααΆαα‘αΎαα ααααααα·α αα ααααααααα»ααΆααΉαααα’αααααΆαααααΆαααα ααΎααΆααα·αα·αααααααα α·α αααα’αα»ααααΆαα²ααα α·ααααααΉαα₯αααα·αααααααααα½α ααΆαααααααααααααα·α αα αα·αααααΆ ααΆααααααΆαααααααααααααα ααα α αααααΆαα ααΆαααααααα αα·ααααααααα αααααΆαααΆααααααΈαααΆααααααα αΆαααααααα·α αα αα·ααααααΈαααααααα½ααααα»αααααααααααααααααΆααα ααααααααααααααααααααΆαα·αααααααααΆαα½αα’αΆαααα·α αααα»αα αΌαα αΌααααα»αα αααα αααααααα½ααΆαα’αααααΆαα’αααΆα αα·ααααααααααα·αααααααααα α αα»α ααα αααααααΆααα
αααααΆαα·ααΆααα ααααα’αΆαααα·αααααΌαααααααΎαα·α αα ααΆααααααααααααΎααααΈααΆαααααααΆαααααααα·α αα α²ααααΆαααααα·αααααΆα ααα₯αααα·ααααΎαααααααΆαααααααα α αα»α αααΆααα αα·αααα α αα»α αααα αααααΆααααααΆ ααΆαααααααααααααΆααααΊααααΆααααΎαααααααααααααααΆαααΆααααααααααα·α αα αα½αααΆααα’αααααααααααααΆαα·ααααααα ααΆαα’αα·αααααα αα·ααααα½α αα αΌαααΆααααααΆαααΆαααααααααααααΆαα’ααααααα αααΆααααΆααα αα·αααΆαααΆααααα½ααα·αα·ααααααααα αααααΆαα·ααΆαααααα»ααΆααααΌααααααα αΆαααΈαααααααΆααααα’αΆα ααΆαααααααΆαααΎααααα·αααααΆαα·αααααα αα·αααα·ααα»ααα αα·αααΈαα·αααα αααααΆαααααααΆαα’ααααααΆαα· ααΆααααααααα’αααααΆααα αααααΆααΆαα· αα·αααΆααααααααα ααααα’αΆαααα·αα
ααΆααααααααΆαααΆααααααααΆααα‘αΎαααααααααααα»αααααααα αα·αααααΆαααααΆααααααΈα
ααΆαααΆααααααΈααααΆαααααΆαααα·ααααΈααααα αααα·ααΈααΆααααααααααα α αα»α αααΆααα αα·α α αα»α ααα αααα»ααααααααα·ααααα αα α’ααααααααΆααα ααΆαααΎαα‘αΎααααααΊααΆααααααα½αααααααΌααααΌαααα ααΊααΆαααΆααααααα αα½αααΆααααΆαααααΎααΆαααα α’αα»α αααΆααΆααΈ ααα ααΆ αα·ααααΆ ααααα»α αα»ααααΈ αα·αααα ααα α‘αΈ ααααααΆααααΆααααααα²ααα’αααααααααα½α αα·αα’ααααααααΆααααααα·αααα α²αααα·ααααα‘αααα ααααα»ααΆαα·α ααΈααααααααΆααΆααΌα ααΆαααααααα αα·ααααΆα‘ααααΈααΆααΎαα
α’αααΈαααααααΈαα·ααα½αα²ααααΆααααααα ααΊααΆααααααΎαααΆαααααΆα αΆααααααααααα ααΆααααααααααα½ααααααααΆααααααααα½α αα·αααΆααααααΈαααΆααααααααααααααΆα αααΆααααααααα½αα α½ααααααααααααα»ααΆα ααΆαααΆααααααααα·αααααααααΆααααααΉααααα αααα»αααααααααααα»ααΆαααααα ααααααααΆαααΆααααααααααα»ααααααααααααααΎααααΈαααα·αααα‘αααααααΆαααα αααααααΈααααααα
ααΆαααΈααααααΆ ααααΆαα’α α’α₯ ααα ααΉα ααΉααααΆ α’ααΈαααααΆαααΆαααααααααααααααααααααΆαα· αα·αααΆα’ααααα·αααααααααα ααααΌαααΆαααααααΎααΆααα ααΈαααα»αααΆααα ααααααααα ααααααα½αα²αααα»αα α·αααααΆααααααΆααΆααααααΆαααααααΆ ααΆααΆααααααΎα Β«ααΆααααα½αααΆαααααααΆαααααΆααααααΆαα αΌααα½ααααααααααΆαα·ααΆαααααααααα»αααΆααααααΆαα αααααΆαα ααα»αααααααΆααα ααΎααΈααΒ»α αααααΉαααΉαααα ααα ααα»α αα»α ααααΉαααΆαααΆαααΆαααααα αααααα½αααΌααααααααααααΉαααΆαααΆααΈ αα·αααΆαααΆααααααα ααααα»ααΆα ααΆααααααα·ααααααΆααααΈααΆα ααααα‘ααα‘αΎαα ααΊααΆααΆααααα»ααααα αΆααααΈαα»αααααΆααΆααααααΆααααα ααααααΎαααΎααΆαααΆαααααααααΈα’ααΈαααΆα ααα»αααααααααΈαααΆαααααα·ααΈααΆαααααααααΈ αααααΆααααααααΆααα‘αΎαααααα αα ααΎαααααα’ααααα·ααααααΆαααααα»α αα·ααααα ααααααα
ααΆααααααΈαααΆαααΆααααααααααααΆααααααααΆααααΆααααααΆααααααααααα ααΆααΆαααααΆαααΎααααααΆαααααααα αααΆααα’ααααααΆαα· αα·αααααΆαααα ααααααα»ααααα·ααΆααα ααααααααααααα½αααααα αα½α’αααααααααααΈαα·α αα·ααααααααΆα’ααααααααΆαααα»ααα·ααα·αααααα ααα α αα»α αααΆααα αα·α α αα»α ααα αααααΆαααααΆαα αααΆααααΆ ααΆαααΆααααααααααααααΆαααααααααα αααααααααααΆααααα αΆααα ααΆαααα αΆαα ααααα»ααΆ αα·αα’ααααααΆαα·α
αααααΆαα·ααΆααααααααΌα ααΆαα αα·ααααΆα‘ααααΈ ααααΌαααααααααααΆααα»αααΉααααα»ααααααααΆαααααΆαααα αα αα·αααΆαααααΎααΆαα»ααΌαα·αα·ααααααααααααααα αααααΆαα·ααΆαα’αΆαααα·αααααΌαααα’αααΆαααΆααααααααααα»αααααααα α αΎαααΆαααΆαα²ααααααααααΆαααααΆααααΌαααΆαααΆααααα αΆαααααΆα αΆαααΆααα’αααα ααΎα’ααααααααΆαααα αααααα